![]() The reason for the shift away from the idea of “grade-level” vocabulary towards this tiered structure with specific criteria is because many readers do not advance at the same pace. These are words such as misappropriated, atrioventricular tachycardia, or antidisestablishmentarianism. They frequently are composed of foreign language roots modified with suffixes and prefixes. Tier 3 words are extremely specialized, require explicit instruction, are relatively low-frequency, and are usually limited to a content domain, like medical or engineering terminology. Words like baby, clock, or run are tier 1 words. They are usually phonetically very easy to read and pronounce from reading. ![]() They are usually root words themselves and are not typically modified with prefixes and suffixes. ![]() In contrast, Tier 1 words are extremely common, almost ubiquitous-frequency words that require little or no explicit instruction. Tier 2 words are words such as obvious, complex, reasoned, national, or informed. They are often spelled in ways that don’t phonetically follow the simple rules of English grammar and may be challenging for emerging vocabulary learners who know how to say the word, but have difficult trying to read them due to irregular or alternative phonetic grammar rules. More simply, they are words that are frequent enough that most native speakers would know what they mean, but usually require explicit instruction (having to look them up in a dictionary, or apply context referencing, etc.) They lack redundancy in the language, but are not so specialized as to be jargon or unique to specific contexts. He states: Tier 2 words are high-frequency words used by mature content users over a variety of content domains.
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